When assisting clients with Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) claims, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) five-step evaluation process. The SSA follows a strict framework to determine whether an applicant qualifies for disability benefits. At Walker Firm PC, DBA Casa de la Justicia, we make sure each team member has a deep understanding of how each step works so we can effectively advocate for our clients and improve their chances of a successful claim.

Step 1: Are You Engaged in Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA)?

The first step in the evaluation process assesses whether the applicant is working and earning above the SSA’s threshold for substantial gainful activity (SGA). In 2025, this amount is $1,620 per month for non-blind individuals and $2,700 for blind individuals. If an applicant earns more than the SGA limit, they are typically not considered disabled. However, if their earnings are below this threshold, the evaluation proceeds to Step 2.

Step 2: Is Your Condition Severe?

The SSA evaluates whether the claimant has a medically determinable impairment that significantly limits their ability to perform basic work activities, such as walking, standing, lifting, or remembering instructions. The condition must last, or be expected to last, at least 12 months or result in death. If the impairment is not severe, the claim is denied. If it is severe, the evaluation moves forward.

Step 3: Does Your Condition Meet or Equal a Listed Impairment?

The SSA maintains a list of medical conditions (the Listing of Impairments) that automatically qualify an individual for disability benefits if their condition meets or equals the severity criteria in the listing. If the applicant’s condition meets or medically equals one of these listed impairments, they are deemed disabled. If not, the process advances to Step 4.

Step 4: Can You Perform Your Past Relevant Work?

At this stage, the SSA determines whether the applicant can perform any of their past jobs despite their medical condition. They review the past 15 years of work history and assess whether the claimant retains the functional ability to perform any of those jobs. If the individual is unable to do their past work, the process proceeds to the final step.

Step 5: Can You Perform Any Other Work?

If the applicant cannot return to their previous job(s), the SSA assesses whether they can perform other types of work available in the national economy. This evaluation considers the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and transferable skills. The SSA uses medical-vocational guidelines (the “Grid Rules”) to determine disability status. If there are no suitable jobs the claimant can perform, they will be found disabled and eligible for benefits.

Understanding the SSA’s five-step disability evaluation process is essential for attorneys representing claimants. By thoroughly preparing each case and ensuring all medical and vocational evidence aligns with SSA standards, at the Walker Firm PC, DBA Casa de la Justicia, we maximize our client’s chances of securing SSDI benefits.

If one of your clients is seeking SSA benefits, we’d be happy to work with them. Just call us at 1 800 454 5454 and we will assess their eligibility in just a quick and free 10-minute call.